Notes Chapter 21

March 1 Notes 

• Heterogeneous Society- different people, cultures, etc.

Immigrants:

• Legal aliens that move to another country
• Reservation- public land given to Native Americans by the government
• Refugee- lived here for protection purposes
• Assimilation- adapting to another culture

March 2 Notes

• U.S. population made up of mostly whites. 
• Immigrants have arrived in near record numbers every year since the 1960s.
• African American, Hispanic American, Asian American have grown several times higher than the white population. 
• Minority populations exceed white populations in California, Hawaii, New Mexico, and Texas. 
• More females than males in the U.S. 

African Americans:

• They have been discriminated against longer. 
• They have a huge minority group in the U.S. which is 14%.
• Most of the gains as far as civil rights go have been made by the African Americans. 

Native Americans:

• Approximately 6 million today 
• 1900 there were 250,000
• American settlers brought diseases that hurt the Indian people. 
• Poverty, jobless, and alcoholism still plague Indian tribes
• Indian Education Act- attempted to remedy lives, but not successful and die younger with higher mortality rate.  

Hispanic Americans:

• Can be any race
• 50 million in U.S. 
• Four main groups: Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans, Central and South Americans. 

Asian Americans:

• They work for less 
• Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 (80 years)
• WWII-all Japanese were evacuated to the Pacific Coast 
• Congress admitted that they had been wrong and changed their ways

March 7 Notes

• Those who oppose Civil Rights often believe you can't change morality by passing a law. 
• Dr. King: "Judicial decrees...may not change the heart, but they can restraint the heartless."
• 1870s-1950s: no meaningful legislation passed in regards to civil rights. 
• The Civil Rights Act 1964: longest debate in civil history. 
• Changed: 
• voting provisions
• public services could no longer deny access based on race, religion, national origin , physical disability, etc. 
• Federal funding programs could not discriminate for the reasons listed above. 
• Civil Rights Acts of 1968: "Open Housing Act" cannot refuse selling or renting living space to a person due to race, religion, national origin, physical disability, etc. 
• Title IX: forbids discrimination on the basis of gender in any educational program or program regarding financial assistance. 

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION:

• Requires employees take positive steps to fix that affects of past discrimination. 
• Employers must meet quotas for minority groups/genders 
• Reverse discrimination- discrimination against majority group 
• Color Blind- see the person for what they are good at not what they look like
• California, Washington, Michigan, and Nebraska voters passed measures to eliminate all affirmative action plans 
• The Bakke Case
• Allan Bakke sued the University of California because he was denied access to their medical school due to Affirmative Action (16/100 seats were reserved for minority students)
• Bakke won the case
• Since then the Court has made decisions regarding similar cases: quotas can be used when needed. 
• Justice Sandra Day O'Connor predicts in 25 years, the use of racial preferences will no longer be necessary.